Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMKBJWP)

Drug Name

Caffeine

Synonyms

CFF; Cafamil; Cafecon; Cafeina; Cafeine; Caffedrine; Caffein; Caffeina; Caffenium; Caffine; Cafipel; Coffein; Coffeine; Coffeinum; DHCplus; Dasin; Dexitac; Diurex; Durvitan; Enerjets; Ercatab; Guaranine; Hycomine; Kofein; Koffein; Mateina; Methyltheobromide; Methyltheobromine; Miudol; Nodaca; Organex; Percutafeine; Phensal; Stim; Teina; Thein; Theine; Tirend; Vivarin; Anacin Maximum Strength; Anhydrous caffeine; Caffedrine Caplets; Caffeina [Italian]; Caffeine Pure; Caffeine solution; Coffein [German]; Coffeinum N; Coffeinum Purrum; Component of Cafergot; DHC Plus; Dexitac Stay Alert Stimulant; Eldiatric C; GlaxoSmithKline Brand of Caffeine; Hycomine Compound; Keep Alert; Kofein [Czech]; Koffein [German]; Merck dura Brand of Caffeine; Methylxanthine theophylline; Midol Maximum Strength; Monomethyl derivative of Theophylline; Natural Caffeinum; Nix Nap; No Doz; Nodoz Maximum Strength Caplets; Passauer Brand of Caffeine; Percoffedrinol N; Pierre Fabre Brand of Caffeine; Quick Pep; Republic Drug Brand of Caffeine; Seid Brand of Caffeine; Theobromine Me; Theophylline Me; C 0750; Propoxyphene Compound 65; SK 65 Compound; TNP00310; Thompson Brand 1 of Caffeine; Thompson Brand 2 of Caffeine; Alert-pep; Anhydrous caffeine (JP15); Anhydrous caffeine (TN); Berlin-Chemie Brand of Caffeine; Bristol-Myers Squibb Brand of Caffeine; Cafcit (TN); Caffeine (USP); Caffeine (natural); Caffeine [BAN:JAN]; Caffeine, Monohydrate; Caffeine, anhydrous; Caffeine, synthetic; No-Doz; Pep-Back; Propoxyphene Compound-65; Quick-Pep; Refresh'n; SK-65 Compound; Tri-Aqua; Ultra Pep-Back; Wake-Up; CU-01000012617-3; P-A-C Analgesic Tablets; Theophylline, 7-methyl; Xanthine, 1,3,7-trimethyl; 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine; 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione; 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine; 1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE; 1-methyltheobromine; 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine; 7-Methyltheophylline

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[1]
Back pain	ME84.Z	Approved	[1]
Cluster headache	8A81.0	Approved	[1]
Common cold	CA00	Approved	[1]
Dysmenorrhea	GA34.3	Approved	[1]
Headache	8A80-8A84	Approved	[1]
Migraine disorder	N.A.	Approved	[1]
Orthostatic hypotension	BA21	Approved	[2]
Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[1]
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Therapeutic Class

Antihypertensive Agents

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Structure

3D MOL

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0

Molecular Weight (mw)

194.19

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

-0.1

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [3]
Bioavailability: 98% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s) [4]
Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 1.4 mL/min/kg [5]
Elimination: 1% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 4.9 hours [5]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 51.7719 micromolar/kg/day [6]
Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.64% [5]
Vd: Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.63 L/kg [5]
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 21.5 mg/mL [3]

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

ADR Term	Variation	Related DOT	DOT ID	REF
Hepatotoxicity	Not Available	MT1A	OTKBH52X	[7]
Non-fatal myocardial infarction	rs762551	CYP1A2	OTLLBX48	[8]
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Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C8H10N4O2
IUPAC Name: 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
Canonical SMILES: CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
InChIKey: RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 2519
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:27732
CAS Number: 58-08-2
DrugBank ID: DB00201
TTD ID: D0B3HD
VARIDT ID: DR00593
INTEDE ID: DR0257
ACDINA ID: D00088

Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

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Repurposed Drugs (RPD)

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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1)	TTK25J1	AA1R_HUMAN	Antagonist	[9]
Adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A)	TTM2AOE	AA2AR_HUMAN	Antagonist	[9]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	DE9QHP6	CP1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Substrate	[16]
RNA cytidine acetyltransferase (hALP)	DEZV4AP	NAT10_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]

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Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	OTLLBX48	CP1A2_HUMAN	Drug Response	[8]
Metallothionein-1A (MT1A)	OTKBH52X	MT1A_HUMAN	Drug Response	[7]

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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

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Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Allergic rhinitis

ICD Disease Classification

CA08.0

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
RNA cytidine acetyltransferase (hALP)	DME	NAT10	1.35E-01	-1.66E-01	-5.82E-01
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DME	CYP2E1	7.75E-01	-1.76E-01	-6.23E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DME	CYP2C8	9.78E-01	-3.38E-03	-5.71E-02
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DME	CYP1A2	9.96E-01	-7.53E-02	-5.68E-01
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DME	CYP2D6	7.95E-01	-7.47E-02	-2.45E-01
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	DME	CYP1B1	6.91E-03	2.71E-01	1.34E+00
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DME	CYP2C9	9.09E-01	-9.26E-02	-3.68E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	9.85E-01	2.24E-02	7.33E-02

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Caffeine (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Obeticholic acid	DM3Q1SM	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Obeticholic acid mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Autoimmune liver disease [DB96]	[18]
Ciprofloxacin XR	DM2NLS9	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Ciprofloxacin XR mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[19]
Norfloxacin	DMIZ6W2	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Norfloxacin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z]	[19]
Grepafloxacin	DMGLX0T	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Grepafloxacin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Bronchitis [CA20]	[19]
Ropivacaine	DMSPJG2	Minor	Increased plasma concentrations of Caffeine and Ropivacaine due to competitive inhibition of the same metabolic pathway.	Corneal disease [9A76-9A78]	[20]
Osilodrostat	DMIJC9X	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Osilodrostat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Cushing syndrome [5A70]	[21]
Duloxetine	DM9BI7M	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Duloxetine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[22]
Esketamine	DMVU687	Major	Additive hypertensive effects by the combination of Caffeine and Esketamine.	Depression [6A70-6A7Z]	[23]
PMID28870136-Compound-48	DMPIM9L	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by PMID28870136-Compound-48 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Discovery agent [N.A.]	[24]
Stiripentol	DMMSDOY	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Stiripentol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z]	[25]
Cimetidine	DMH61ZB	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Cimetidine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [DA22]	[26]
Cycloserine	DMT1I52	Moderate	Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Caffeine and Cycloserine.	HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14]	[27]
Teriflunomide	DMQ2FKJ	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Teriflunomide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80]	[23]
Givosiran	DM5PFIJ	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Givosiran mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Inborn porphyrin/heme metabolism error [5C58]	[28]
Ramelteon	DM7IW9J	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Ramelteon mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[29]
Melatonin	DMKWFBT	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Melatonin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z]	[30]
Alosetron	DML2A03	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Alosetron mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91]	[31]
Osimertinib	DMRJLAT	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Osimertinib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[32]
Capmatinib	DMYCXKL	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Capmatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Lung cancer [2C25]	[33]
Vemurafenib	DM62UG5	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Vemurafenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Melanoma [2C30]	[34]
Exjade	DMHPRWG	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Exjade mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64]	[35]
Riluzole	DMECBWN	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Riluzole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Motor neuron disease [8B60]	[36]
Olaparib	DM8QB1D	Moderate	Increased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Olaparib mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[23]
Rucaparib	DM9PVX8	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Ovarian cancer [2C73]	[37]
Thiabendazole	DM7YCK3	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Thiabendazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Parasitic worm infestation [1F90]	[38]
Rasagiline	DM3WKQ4	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Rasagiline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[23]
Ropinirole	DMA6S1D	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Ropinirole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Parkinsonism [8A00]	[39]
Abametapir	DM2RX0I	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Pediculosis [1G00]	[40]
Pimozide	DMW83TP	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Pimozide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Schizophrenia [6A20]	[41]
Disulfiram	DMCL2OK	Minor	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Disulfiram mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Substance abuse [6C40]	[42]
Anagrelide	DMSQ8MD	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Anagrelide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Thrombocytosis [3B63]	[23]
Tizanidine	DMR2IQ4	Major	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Tizanidine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Tonus and reflex abnormality [MB47]	[43]
Nalidixic acid	DMRM0JV	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Nalidixic acid mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Urinary tract infection [GC08]	[19]
Enoxacin	DMYTE6L	Moderate	Decreased metabolism of Caffeine caused by Enoxacin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme.	Urinary tract infection [GC08]	[19]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 34 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Allura red AC dye	E00338	33258	Colorant
Benzoic acid	E00009	243	Antimicrobial preservative
Calcium carbonate	E00198	10112	Binding agent; Buffering agent; Diluent; Opacifying agent
D&C red no. 27	E00381	83511	Colorant
Ethyl vanillin	E00178	8467	Flavoring agent
FD&C blue no. 1	E00263	19700	Colorant
FD&C blue no. 2	E00446	2723854	Colorant
Quinoline yellow WS	E00309	24671	Colorant
Sodium lauryl sulfate	E00464	3423265	Emulsifying agent; Modified-release agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; lubricant
Stearic acid	E00079	5281	Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Viscosity-controlling agent; lubricant
Sunset yellow FCF	E00255	17730	Colorant
Taurine	E00047	1123	Buffering agent
Vanillin	E00049	1183	Flavoring agent
Beta-D-lactose	E00099	6134	Diluent; Dry powder inhaler carrier; Lyophilization aid
Brushite	E00392	104805	Diluent
Calcium hydrogenphosphate	E00294	24441	Diluent
Calcium stearate	E00244	15324	lubricant
Calcium sulfate dihydrate	E00315	24928	Desiccant; Diluent
Carmellose sodium	E00625	Not Available	Disintegrant
Dextrin	E00359	62698	Binding agent; Diluent; Microencapsulating agent; Stiffening agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Hypromellose	E00634	Not Available	Coating agent
Magnesium silicate	E00596	72941442	Anticaking agent; Glidant; Lubricant
Magnesium stearate	E00208	11177	lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 1000	E00647	Not Available	Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 300	E00651	Not Available	Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 400	E00653	Not Available	Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 6000	E00655	Not Available	Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polysorbate 20	E00664	Not Available	Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Polysorbate 80	E00665	Not Available	Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Povidone	E00667	Not Available	Binding agent; Coating agent; Disintegrant; Film/membrane-forming agent; Solubilizing agent; Suspending agent
Propylene glycol	E00040	1030	Antimicrobial preservative; Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
Saccharose	E00091	5988	Binding agent; Coating agent; Cryoprotectant; Diluent; Flavoring agent; Suspending agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Silicon dioxide	E00670	Not Available	Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sorbitan monolaurate	E00508	11046239	Dispersing agent; Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent; Vaccine adjuvant
Titanium dioxide	E00322	26042	Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
Triacetin	E00080	5541	Humectant; Plasticizing agent; Solvent
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⏷ Show the Full List of 36 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Caffeine 100 mg tablet	100 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral
Caffeine 200 mg tablet	200 mg	Oral Tablet	Oral

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1	Caffeine FDA Label
2	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 407).
3	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4	Critical Evaluation of Human Oral Bioavailability for Pharmaceutical Drugs by Using Various Cheminformatics Approaches
5	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
6	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
7	ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
8	Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2006 Mar 8;295(10):1135-41. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.10.1135.
9	Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Apr;61(7-8):857-72.
10	Effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducers on caffeine metabolism in the rat. Pharmacol Rep. 2007 May-Jun;59(3):296-305.
11	CYP2E1 active site residues in substrate recognition sequence 5 identified by photoaffinity labeling and homology modeling. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Mar 1;459(1):59-69.
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33	Product Information. Tabrecta (capmatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
34	Product Information. Zelboraf (vemurafenib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
35	Product Information. Exjade (deferasirox). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
36	Product Information. Rilutek (riluzole). Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
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